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Index of Major Philippine Laws and Regulations

As of 2026-08-31 · Updated 2026-08-31 · Section: Investment, Economic Zones & Licensing · 日本語版

Editor's note: This article covers a field in which the site's operating company has business interests. It is compiled from publicly available and primary sources.

This resource collection (under 04_情報集積 — 125 .md files by count, 187 .md files across the entire resource collection. Re-measured in the second verification pass on 2026-08-26. 注Files are added on an ongoing basis, so this count is "the measured figure at that point in time," not a fixed value. The earlier figures of "110 files" and "121 files / 182 files" were simply measured at different times — both were correct when they were recorded) is an index for looking up, in numerical order, the statutes, decrees, and orders that appear across these files. It is built around tables rather than prose. The "Corresponding document(s) in this resource collection" column in each row lists the name(s) of the topic file(s) that actually discuss that law (file extensions and version numbers are omitted).

0-1. Table of abbreviations

Abbrev. Original term Japanese gloss Issuing authority Legal force Numbering convention
RA Republic Act Republic Act Congress (both chambers) + presidential signature Statute Sequential numbering since 1946. Reached No. 12322 as of August 2026
CA Commonwealth Act Commonwealth-era law National Assembly of the Commonwealth transition government (1935–46) Statute 1–733
BP Batas Pambansa National Assembly law Batasang Pambansa (1978–86) Statute "Blg." notation
PD Presidential Decree Presidential Decree Issued unilaterally by Marcos Sr. under martial law (1972–86). An exercise of legislative power Equal in force to a statute 1–2036
EO Executive Order Executive Order The President. An exercise of executive power Subordinate to statute Numbering resets with each president
AO Administrative Order Administrative Order (Office of the President) The President Internal to the executive branch Same as above
PP Proclamation Proclamation The President Declarations of fact, area designations, etc. Same as above
DAO Department Administrative Order Departmental order Individual departments (DENR, DTI, etc.) Department level Two formats coexist: "year-serial" (DAO 2003-30) or "serial-year" (DAO 171-2022)
DO Department Order Departmental order DOLE, DepEd, etc. Department level Serial-year (DO 174-17) / "No. ○, s. 20XX"
DC Department Circular Departmental circular DOE, etc. Department level Some carry long-form numbers, e.g. DC 2022-11-0034
MC Memorandum Circular Memorandum circular SEC, LTFRB, NTC, DILG, etc. Agency level Each agency has its own numbering system
RR / RMC / RMO Revenue Regulations / Memorandum Circular / Memorandum Order Revenue rules, circulars, and orders BIR (Bureau of Internal Revenue) Details of tax administration Serial-year
FAO Fisheries Administrative Order Fisheries administrative order BFAR/DA Department level Serial number
IRR Implementing Rules and Regulations Implementing rules The agency with jurisdiction Must be read together with the parent law Numbering varies by issuing agency

0-2. 注 Points that trip people up if they don't know them (the heart of this index)

# Pitfall The correct understanding
1 注注 Both PD and EO get translated into Japanese as "大統領令" (presidential order) A PD is Marcos-era legislation — equal in force to a statute, and many remain in effect today. An EO is an executive order (it cannot amend a statute). Within this resource collection itself, EOs are frequently labeled "大統領令" in the running text, and the number alone cannot tell you which is which. Always cite the English abbreviation (PD / EO) alongside the number.
2 注注 EO numbers reset with each president "EO 79" is from the Aquino III era (2012, the mining moratorium); "EO 88" is from the Marcos Jr. era (2025, Diwalwal). You cannot identify an EO without writing out "EO ○○ (s. 20XX)" — the "s." means series (year).
3 注 The year in a law's short title and its year of approval can differ RA 9003 is the "Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000," but it was approved on 26 January 2001 (confirmed in the LawPhil original text). RA 8371 is likewise the "IPRA of 1997," approved 29 October 1997. RA 10742 is the "SK Reform Act of 2015," but was approved on 15 January 2016 (added in the 2026-08-26 verification; source: LawPhil original text).
3-b 注 Do not confuse "the date a law was approved" with "the date the system it created actually launched" RA 6975 was approved on 13 December 1990. The commonly cited "29 January 1991" is actually the date the PNP force was activated. RA 8526 (Valenzuela's city charter) was approved on 14 February 1998; "30 December 1998" was the date the plebiscite ratified it (both corrected in the 2026-08-26 verification; source: LawPhil original texts).
4 注注 There are five different kinds of dates ① the date Congress passed it, ② the date the president signed it, ③ the date it became law without a signature (lapsed into law), ④ the date of publication in the Official Gazette, ⑤ the effectivity date (usually 15 days after publication). News reports of the date a law was "signed" often actually mean the date of the signing ceremony / public announcement, not date ②.
5 注注 There are cases where LawPhil's index page date conflicts with the date in the body text EO 110 (national energy emergency): LawPhil's 2026 EO index lists it as "January 24, 2026," but the signature block at the end of the actual text reads "DONE, in the City of Manila, this 24th day of March, in the year of Our Lord, Two Thousand and Twenty-Six." (confirmed against the original text on 2026-08-26). Trust the signature block in the body text, not the index.
6 注 Do not write "the President signed it" for a law that "lapsed into law" RA 11898 (the EPR Act) became law without a signature on 23 July 2022 / RA 12027 (abolishing mother-tongue instruction) became law without a signature on 10 October 2024 / RA 12234 (Konektadong Pinoy) became law without a signature in August 2025 / RA 11861 (the expanded Solo Parents' Welfare Act) became law without a signature on 4 June 2022 (added 2026-08-26) / RA 11930 (the Anti-OSAEC/CSAEM Act) became law without a signature on 30 July 2022 / RA 12322 (the Teaching Discretion Act) became law without a signature on 2 August 2026 (all added 2026-08-26).
7 注 Don't guess a law's content from its number alone RA 12022 is the Anti-Agricultural Economic Sabotage Act, not a mining fiscal reform law (mining is RA 12253). RA 8197 and RA 9187 are also frequently confused in circulation (confirmed against LawPhil's original texts on 2026-08-26: RA 8197 = "An Act Granting the News and Entertainment Network Corporation a Franchise… Cable/Community Antennae Television Systems," which became law without a presidential signature on 1996-07-11; RA 9187 = "An Act Declaring June 30 of the Year as Philippine Spanish Friendship Day…," enacted during the 12th Congress's 2nd Regular Session. 注RA 9187 has no "date approved" field in the LawPhil-published text, so the signature date could not be reached from a primary source as of 2026-08-26).
8 注 The IRR is often more important than the parent law itself For occupational safety and health (RA 11058), you cannot understand practice from the parent law alone — you need DO 252-25 (effective 16 May 2025, which fully replaced DO 198-18).

1. Republic Acts (RA) — in numerical order

A dash "—" in the "Jurisdiction" column means this could not be confirmed by this research. Where the date is inconsistent across sources, a 注 is attached and both versions are presented.

1-1. CA & RA 1–4999 (Commonwealth era to the 1960s)

No. Official title (original language) / short title Japanese common name Enacted Jurisdiction What it establishes Corresponding document(s) in this resource collection
CA 108 Anti-Dummy Law Anti-Dummy Law 1936 DOJ Criminalizes the use of "dummies" (name-lending) by foreign nationals. Amended by RA 134, RA 6084, and PD 715 Real Estate Purchase and Investment Practice / Company Formation and Business Startup Practice / Conglomerates and Business Groups
CA 570 An Act to Declare the National Language as an Official Language National Language Act 1940-06-07 — Provides that the national language becomes an official language effective 4 July 1946 Cebuano and the Major Languages
RA 134 (An amendment to CA 108) Anti-Dummy Law amendment 1947 DOJ Amendment of the Anti-Dummy Law Real Estate Purchase and Investment Practice
RA 157 An Act Creating the National Bureau of Investigation NBI Charter 1947-06-19 DOJ Establishes the NBI (National Bureau of Investigation). Reorganized and modernized by RA 10867 in 2016 The Military, Police, and Security Apparatus
RA 1379 Forfeiture of Unlawfully Acquired Property Ill-Gotten Wealth Forfeiture Act 1955 Ombudsman / Sandiganbayan Procedure for forfeiting property unlawfully acquired by public officials The Judicial System and Legal Framework
RA 1387 An Act Providing for the Establishment of the University of Mindanao in Dansalan City MSU Charter 1955-06-18 CHED The legal basis for establishing MSU. Amended by RA 1893. 注The university was formally established on 1 September 1961 — easy to confuse with the year of the law itself Universities and Higher Education / Coral Reefs and Marine Conservation
RA 1405 Bank Secrecy Law Bank Secrecy Law 1955 BSP Protects the secrecy of peso deposits. 注Unamended as of August 2026. A bill granting the BSP examination powers is under deliberation in the 20th Congress Finance, Taxation, and the Stock Market
RA 1425 Rizal Law Rizal Law 1956 DepEd / CHED Makes Noli Me Tángere and El Filibusterismo mandatory reading in all schools The Education System / Literature and José Rizal
RA 1893 (An amendment to RA 1387) MSU Charter amendment 1957 CHED Amendment of RA 1387 Universities and Higher Education
RA 2733 Limasawa Historical Landmark Act Limasawa Historical Landmark Act 1960 NHCP Legally designates Limasawa as the site of the "First Mass in the Philippines." 注The controversy continues Eastern Visayas and Yolanda Recovery
RA 3019 Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act Anti-Graft Law 1960-08-17 Ombudsman / Sandiganbayan Section 3(e) (causing undue injury / giving unwarranted benefit) is by far the most frequently invoked provision in practice. Carries permanent disqualification from public office plus forfeiture. Amended by: RA 3047 / PD 677 / PD 1288 / BP 195 (1982-03-16), which amended Sections 8, 9, 10, 11, and 13 (the penalty under Section 9(a) is 6 years and 1 day to 15 years) / RA 10910 (2016-07-21), which amended Section 11 (extending the prescriptive period from 15 to 20 years). 注The text posted on LawPhil is the text as originally enacted (amendments confirmed 2026-08-26; sources: LawPhil originals of BP 195 / RA 10910) Corruption and Governance / The Judicial System and Legal Framework / Non-Metallic Minerals and Aggregates
RA 3591 PDIC Charter PDIC Charter 1963 PDIC The deposit insurance system Finance, Taxation, and the Stock Market
RA 3844 Agricultural Land Reform Code Agricultural Land Reform Code 1963 DAR Sale of land to tenant farmers, etc. Real Estate Purchase and Investment Practice
RA 4136 Land Transportation and Traffic Code Land Transportation and Traffic Code 1964 LTO Vehicle registration and licensing. 注Tricycles too are registered with the LTO, though the operating franchise comes from the LGU Transportation and Jeepney Modernization
RA 4566 Contractors' License Law Contractors' License Law 1965 PCAB (DTI) No one may operate a construction business without a license The Construction Industry
RA 4726 The Condominium Act The Condominium Act 1966 DHSUD Section 5. The legal basis allowing foreign nationals to hold condominium units (foreign ownership is capped at 40% of the entire building) Real Estate Purchase and Investment Practice / Company Formation and Business Startup Practice
RA 4850 Laguna Lake Development Authority Act Laguna Lake Development Authority Act 1966 LLDA Powers expanded by PD 813 (1975) and EO 927 (1983) Calabarzon and Mimaropa

1-2. RA 6000–7999 (late Marcos era to the Ramos era)

No. Official title (original language) / short title Japanese common name Enacted Jurisdiction What it establishes Corresponding document(s) in this resource collection
RA 6084 (An amendment to CA 108) Anti-Dummy Law amendment 1969 DOJ 注Adds a provision treating common-law cohabitation as prima facie evidence of a violation Real Estate Purchase and Investment Practice
RA 6397 (Integration of the bar) Integrated Bar Act 1971 SC Supreme Court's authority to integrate the IBP The Judicial System and Legal Framework
RA 6425 Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 Former Dangerous Drugs Act 1972 — Fully replaced by RA 9165 Narcotics and Drug Policy
RA 6426 Foreign Currency Deposit Act Foreign Currency Deposit Act 1972-04-04 BSP Absolute secrecy protection for foreign-currency deposits. 注Unamended. The previously recorded year "1974" was an error. The LawPhil original reads "Approved: April 4, 1972" (corrected in the 2026-08-26 verification; source: lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1972/ra_6426_1972.html). 注The year 1974 is often cited, but this stems from confusion with a later PD that expanded the foreign-currency deposit system Finance, Taxation, and the Stock Market
RA 6552 Realty Installment Buyer Protection Act (Maceda Law) Maceda Law 1972 DHSUD Protection for buyers of real property on installment (refund on cancellation, grace periods) Real Estate Purchase and Investment Practice
RA 6675 Generics Act of 1988 Generic Drugs Act 1988 DOH / FDA Requires the generic name to also appear on prescriptions The Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry
RA 6657 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 (CARL) Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law 1988-06-10 DAR / LBP / PARC The foundational statute of CARP. Extensively amended. Three amending laws exist even before RA 9700 (added in the 2026-08-26 amendment-verification pass; the DAR's legal-issuances system lists "amended by RA 7881, 7905, 8532 and 9700") = RA 7881 (1995-02-20) amended Section 3(b), Section 10, and Section 11(1) of RA 6657, and inserted new Sections 32-A, 65-A through 65-D, and 73-A (exclusion of fishponds and prawn farms) / RA 7905 (1995-02-23) amended Sections 35, 36, 44, and 45 of RA 6657 / RA 8532 (1998-02-23) amended Section 63 of RA 6657 (funding). On top of that, RA 9700 (CARPER, 2009-08-07) amended Sections 2, 3, 4, 7, 17, 24, 25, 26, 27, 36, 37, 38, 41, 50, 55, 63, 65, 68, 73, and 74, and inserted new provisions after Section 6, after Section 22, and as Section 50-A. Further, RA 11953 (2023-07-07) Section 16 amended Section 21 of RA 6657 (payment of amortizations). 注The RA 6657 text posted on LawPhil is the 1988 text as originally enacted, not the current text (confirmed in the 2026-08-26 amendment-verification pass; sources: LawPhil originals of ra_9700_2009.html / ra_11953_2023.html) Agrarian Reform and CARP / Successive Presidents and Administrations / The 1987 Constitution
RA 9700 An Act Strengthening the CARP…, Amending for the Purpose Certain Provisions of Republic Act No. 6657 CARPER Act 2009-08-07 DAR / PARC An amending law to RA 6657. The section numbers of RA 9700 itself and the resulting sections of RA 6657 are different numbers: RA 9700 Sec. 5 → RA 6657 Sec. 7 (the 2014-06-30 deadline for land acquisition and distribution) / RA 9700 Sec. 12 → RA 6657 Sec. 27 (the 10-year transfer restriction) / RA 9700 Sec. 22 → RA 6657 Sec. 65 (conversion within 5 years of the award) / RA 9700 Sec. 24 & Sec. 25 → RA 6657 Sec. 73 & Sec. 74 (prohibited acts and penalties). Section 30 of RA 9700 is a standalone provision of RA 9700 that was never inserted into RA 6657 (pending cases continue to be processed even after 2014-06-30) — writing "Section 30 of RA 6657" is an error. No law amending RA 9700 itself could be confirmed as of August 2026 (confirmed in the 2026-08-26 amendment-verification pass; source: LawPhil original ra_9700_2009.html) Agrarian Reform and CARP / The 1987 Constitution
RA 11953 New Agrarian Emancipation Act New Agrarian Emancipation Act 2023-07-07 DAR / LBP / BIR Condones agrarian-reform debt with a principal of ₱57.057 billion covering 610,054 people, and excludes awarded land from property subject to estate tax. Its amending relationship: Section 16 of this Act amends Section 21 of RA 6657 (as previously amended). 注Do not confuse "Section 16 of RA 11953" with "Section 21 of RA 6657." The 10-year transfer restriction under Section 27 of RA 6657 was not repealed by this Act (confirmed in the 2026-08-26 amendment-verification pass; source: LawPhil ra_11953_2023.html Section 16) Agrarian Reform and CARP
RA 6713 Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials Code of Conduct for Public Officials 1989-02-20 CSC / Ombudsman Establishes the annual SALN (Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Net Worth) filing obligation. Section 8 = filing due within 30 days of assuming office, by 30 April every year, and within 30 days of leaving office / Section 7(b) = post-employment restrictions / Section 7(d) = ban on accepting gifts. As of August 2026 the statute itself has not been amended (bills to extend the Section 7(b) restriction period and to add Ombudsman bank-inquiry powers to Section 8 remain at the bill stage only). 注However, implementation changed in 2025–2026: CSC Resolution No. 2500632, the "Omnibus Rules on the SALN" (adopted 25 June 2025, published in the Daily Tribune on 13 September 2025, effective 29 September 2025), mandates use of the 2025 form and its attached annexes and electronic filing, and applies to all SALNs from the 2026 filing year onward. The judiciary responded with its own OCA Circular No. 77-2026. Keep the distinction that "RA 6713 itself was not amended — the CSC's rules changed" (confirmed in the 2026-08-26 amendment-verification pass; sources: LawPhil / Senate LRB index "Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards (R.A. No. 6713)" / OCA Circular oca.judiciary.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/OCA-Circular-No.-77-2026.pdf / government issuances citing the CSC resolution) Corruption and Governance / Social Norms and Human Relationships
RA 6715 Herrera Law (amendments to the Labor Code) Herrera Law 1989 DOLE The remedy for illegal dismissal = reinstatement plus back wages (Art. 279) Labor Law in Practice
RA 6727 Wage Rationalization Act Wage Rationalization Act 1989 NWPC / RTWPB The minimum wage is regional, not a single nationwide rate. A Wage Order takes effect 15 days after publication Minimum Wage and Labor / Labor Law in Practice
RA 6766 Organic Act for the Cordillera Autonomous Region Cordillera Organic Act (1st) 1989 — Rejected in the 30 January 1990 plebiscite (only Ifugao province voted yes) Indigenous Peoples and Ethnic Minorities
RA 6969 Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act Toxic Substances and Hazardous Wastes Control Act 1990 DENR-EMB Regulation of toxic chemicals and hazardous/nuclear waste. Confirmed in the 2026-08-26 amendment-verification pass: no Republic Act amending RA 6969 could be confirmed (注the scope of this check was LawPhil's 2023–2026 RA index and title search only; the 1991–2022 annual indexes were not fully reviewed). Note, however, that the repealing clause of RA 9275 (the Clean Water Act), Section 34, states that "RA 6969… is amended and modified accordingly to conform with this Act" (a blanket amendment whose specific effect on individual sections is not spelled out in the text). Actual regulation runs through DENR administrative orders (DAOs), but 注this verification pass did not access DENR's own site under its terms, so the specific DAO numbers could not be confirmed Environmental Administration and the ECC System
RA 6975 Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990 PNP Charter 1990-12-13 (approved) DILG Merges the PC (Philippine Constabulary) and the INP into the PNP, separating the police from the military. The previously recorded date "1991-01-29" was an error — that is the date the PNP force was activated, not the date the law was approved (corrected in the 2026-08-26 verification; source: LawPhil original, "Approved: December 13, 1990," lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1990/ra_6975_1990.html) The Military, Police, and Security Apparatus
RA 6981 Witness Protection, Security and Benefit Act Witness Protection Act 1991 DOJ 注This is witness protection for criminal cases — it is not employment protection for whistleblowers Corruption and Governance
RA 7042 Foreign Investments Act of 1991 Foreign Investments Act 1991 DTI-BOI / SEC The legal basis for the Foreign Investment Negative List (FINL). Amended by RA 8179 (1996) and RA 11647 (2022-03-02). (Confirmed in the 2026-08-26 amendment-verification pass) The RA 7042 text on LawPhil is the 1991 text as originally enacted, not the current law. The original minimum paid-in capital was US$500,000 (lowered to US$200,000 by RA 8179, which also deleted List C). The current minimum paid-in capital rule is found in "Section 8 of RA 7042 (as amended by Section 8 of RA 11647)" = US$200,000, or US$100,000 if certain requirements are met, with a Filipino direct-employment requirement of at least 15 people (previously 50). Sections 4 and 5 of RA 11647 created Sections 4-A and 4-B of RA 7042 (the cross-agency Investment Promotion and Coordination Committee). 注Be careful not to confuse the section numbers Company Formation and Business Startup Practice
RA 7076 People's Small-Scale Mining Act of 1991 Small-Scale Mining Act 1991 DENR-MGB / PMRB Designates Minahang Bayan (small-scale mining zones). Implementing rules: DAO 2015-03 → DAO 2022-03 Small-Scale Gold Mining and the Mercury Problem / Gold: Regulation, Taxation, and the BSP / Gold Reserves and Deposits / Major Gold Mines and Production / Gold and Japanese Investment / _A Comprehensive Look at Subsurface Resources
RA 7077 AFP Reservist Act / Citizen Armed Force Reservist Act 1991 AFP Organization of the reservist corps Military and Defense
RA 7080 Plunder Law Plunder Law 1991-07-12 Sandiganbayan The threshold was originally ₱75 million, lowered to ₱50 million by Section 12 of RA 7659. Bail is generally not available Corruption and Governance / The Judicial System and Legal Framework
RA 7104 Commission on the Filipino Language Act Commission on the Filipino Language (KWF) Act 1991 KWF The institution for research and promotion of the national language Fundamentals of Tagalog
RA 7160 Local Government Code of 1991 Local Government Code 1991-10-10 DILG Four tiers: province, city, municipality, and barangay. Provincial, city, and municipal officials serve 3-year terms, capped at three consecutive terms in the same post (Section 43(b); 1987 Constitution, Art. X, Sec. 8). Section 17 devolves health, agricultural extension, and other services. Amended numerous times: RA 8185 (Section 324(d), the 5% calamity fund) / RA 9009 (2001, Section 450, raising the annual-income requirement for city conversion to ₱100 million) / RA 11683 (2022-04-10) = its amending target is "Section 450 of RA 7160 (as amended by RA 9009)" (its official title is "An Act Amending Section 450 of Republic Act No. 7160 … as Amended by Republic Act No. 9009." 注Where other rows in this index simply say "amended by RA 9009," that phrasing is imprecise) / RA 11964 (2023-10-26, automating the LGU income-classification system) / RA 12001 (RPVARA, 2024-06-13) Section 38 = repeals Sections 199(e)(g)(o), 212, and 219 of RA 7160, and amends Sections 19, 135(a), 138, 201, 218, 220, and 472(b)(8) to the extent they conflict (as a result, the local transfer tax under Section 135(a), the sand-and-gravel tax under Section 138, and the triennial revision of the schedule of market values under Section 219 no longer read as in the RA 7160 text on LawPhil) / RA 12232 (2025-08-13) Section 1 = extends barangay and SK terms to 4 years; Section 2 = sets the BSKE for the first Monday of November 2026 (11/2), and every 4 years thereafter. 注RA 12232 changed only barangay and SK terms — the 3-year term for provincial, city, and municipal officials is unchanged (confirmed in the 2026-08-26 amendment-verification pass; sources: LawPhil ra_12232_2025.html / ra_12001_2024.html Sec. 38 / ra_11683_2022.html official title / Senate LRB index "RA 7160 -- Amendments and Repeals") Geography and Administrative Divisions / Local Politics and Political Dynasties / Corruption and Governance / Civil Society and NGOs / Real Estate Purchase and Investment Practice / Non-Metallic Minerals and Aggregates
RA 7161 (Forest taxation / logging regulation) Forestry-related Amendment Act 1991 DENR-FMB 注Treat the claim "in 1992, RA 7161 imposed a full log-export ban" as unconfirmed from a primary source Forestry and Forests
RA 7166 Synchronized Elections Law Synchronized Elections Law 1991 COMELEC Section 13 = the statutory cap on campaign spending Electoral System
RA 7171 (Distribution of Virginia-tobacco excise tax) Tobacco Tax Distribution Act 1992 DOF / BIR Allocates 15% of leaf-tobacco excise tax to the producing provinces and municipalities. A political lifeline for Ilocos politics Northern Luzon and the Cordillera
RA 7227 Bases Conversion and Development Act of 1992 Bases Conversion and Development Act 1992-03-13 BCDA The legal basis for the BCDA, SBMA, and CDC. 注"March 19" is incorrect (the LawPhil original reads "Approved, March 13, 1992"). (Confirmed in the 2026-08-26 amendment-verification pass) It has been amended twice. ① RA 7917 (approved not in 1992 but on 1995-02-23) — its Section 1 amended Section 8(d) of RA 7227 (allocation of proceeds from sales of Metro Manila military land). ② RA 9400 (2007-03-20) — its Section 1 amended Section 12 of RA 7227 (Subic), its Section 2 amended Section 15 (Clark CSEZ/CFZ), and its Sections 3–5 inserted new Sections 15-A (Poro Point), 15-B (Morong), and 15-C (John Hay). Its Section 12 (repealing clause) repealed Section 50 of RA 7916 and the portion of Section 13(b)(3) of RA 7227 concerning public utilities in power and telecommunications. 注Do not confuse "Section ○ of the amending law" with "the resulting Section ○ of RA 7227" (sources: LawPhil original text of ra_9400_2007 / Senate LRB "RA 7227 -- Amendments and Repeals" / Official Gazette text of RA 7917) Central Luzon / Architecture and Urban Landscape / Logistics and Port Operations / Environmental Administration and the ECC System
RA 7279 Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992 (Lina Law) Urban Development and Housing Act / Lina Law 1992-03-24 DHSUD Section 18 = the balanced-housing obligation. Amended by RA 10884 to 15% for subdivisions / 5% for condominiums Slums, Housing, and Urban Issues
RA 7306 PTV Charter Government Broadcasting Corporation Act 1992 PCO Reorganization of government television (reorganized again in 2013 by RA 10390) History of Broadcasting and Media
RA 7355 Manlilikha ng Bayan Act GAMABA (National Living Treasures) Act 1992 NCCA Recognition of "national masters" of traditional crafts and performing arts Indigenous Peoples and Ethnic Minorities / Crafts and Textiles
RA 7394 Consumer Act of the Philippines Consumer Act 1992 DTI / DOH-FDA / DA Product safety, labeling, warranties, and deceptive sales practices. (Confirmed in the 2026-08-26 amendment-verification pass) Articles 131–147 of Title IV ("Consumer Credit Transactions") were repealed by the repealing clause of RA 11765 (the Financial Consumer Protection Act, 2022-05-06). Looking up consumer-credit disclosure rules in RA 7394 means reading a repealed provision (source: LawPhil text of RA 11765: "Articles 131 to 147 of Title IV of Republic Act No. 7394 are hereby repealed"). 注A comprehensive amendment bill (the Enhanced Consumer Act / HB 5386 and others) is under deliberation in the 20th Congress = not yet enacted Data Protection and Consumer Protection / Labor Law in Practice
RA 7581 Price Act Price Act 1992 DTI / DA Price freezes and price ceilings during disasters, etc. The Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry
RA 7586 NIPAS Act of 1992 Integrated Protected Areas System Act 1992 DENR-BMB The foundational statute of the protected-areas system. Two amending laws (one added on re-verification on 2026-08-26). ① RA 10629 (approved 2013-09-26) = "A law providing that the PAMB shall retain 75% of IPAF revenue, and for that purpose amending Section 16 of RA 7586." ② RA 11038 (E-NIPAS, 2018-06-22) = amended Sections 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, and 21 of RA 7586, and inserted new §11-A, §11-B, and §16-A, plus twelve new sections (§22 through §33) after §21. 注 The first-pass entry on 2026-08-26 had stated only "amended Sections 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 16, and inserted new §11-A and §11-B," which omitted the amendments to §13, §14, §15, §19, §20, and §21 and the new §16-A and §22–§33, and had missed the existence of RA 10629 entirely (this was caught because §15 of RA 11038 opens with, "Section 16 of Republic Act No. 7586, as amended by Republic Act No. 10629, is hereby further amended"). The RA 7586 page on LawPhil is the text as originally enacted in 1992 — looking up the definitions (§4), the scope of the system (§5), the PAMB (§11), or the IPAF (§16) there will give you outdated law. Always read the corresponding sections of RA 11038 instead. Sources: the original text of RA 11038 as posted on lawphil.net (cross-checked against all of §1–§20) / Senate LRB "Republic Act No. 7586 -- Amendments" / RA 10629 as posted on officialgazette.gov.ph, 2013-10-01 Environment and Biodiversity / Forestry and Forests / Geothermal and Subsurface Renewable Resources
RA 7610 Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act Special Protection of Children Act 1992 DSWD Amended and strengthened (child-labor provisions) by RA 9231 (2003) Gender, LGBT Issues, and Family Law / Minimum Wage and Labor
RA 7611 Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act 1992 PCSD The special environmental-law regime for Palawan province. CITES enforcement etc. also falls under the PCSD's jurisdiction Palawan and the Marine Environment / Gold and Japanese Investment / _A Comprehensive Look at Subsurface Resources
RA 7621 Cebu Port Authority Act Cebu Port Authority Act 1992 CPA Separated Cebu's port from the PPA (began operations in 1996) Logistics and Port Operations
RA 7652 Investors' Lease Act Investors' Lease Act 1993 DTI-BOI Formerly: 50 years + a 25-year renewal = 75 years maximum. Extended to 99 years by RA 12252 (2025) Real Estate Purchase and Investment Practice
RA 7659 Death Penalty Law (Heinous Crimes Law) Heinous Crimes Law 1993 (effective 1993-12-31) — Section 12 lowered the plunder threshold to ₱50 million. Its death-penalty provisions were repealed "insofar as they impose the death penalty" by Section 1 of RA 9346 in 2006 = the death-penalty provisions are no longer current law. 注It is, however, still referenced as the definition of "heinous crimes" (e.g., bills discussing GCTA exclusions cite "heinous crimes as defined in RA 7659"). Do not cite the death-penalty provisions as though they remain in force (confirmed in the 2026-08-26 amendment-verification pass) Corruption and Governance / The Judicial System and Legal Framework
RA 7662 Legal Education Reform Act Legal Education Reform Act 1993 LEB Regulation of law schools (establishing the LEB) The Judicial System and Legal Framework
RA 7722 Higher Education Act of 1994 Higher Education Act 1994 CHED Established CHED. An overhaul bill, HB 4958, is under deliberation as of 2026 Universities and Higher Education
RA 7832 Anti-Electricity Pilferage Act Anti-Electricity Pilferage Act 1994 DOE / ERC Section 10 = the cap on passing system losses through to consumers Electricity and Power Rates
RA 7877 Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 Anti-Sexual Harassment Act 1995 DOLE / CSC 注Covers only harassment by a person in a position of authority over the victim. Harassment between peers is covered by RA 11313 Gender, LGBT Issues, and Family Law
RA 7898 AFP Modernization Act AFP Modernization Act (1st) 1995-02-23 DND / AFP ₱50 billion over the initial 5 years. Lapsed in 2010 Military and Defense / The Military, Police, and Security Apparatus
RA 7924 MMDA Act MMDA Act 1995 MMDA 注The statutory text still lists "8 cities and 9 municipalities" (there are now 16 cities and 1 municipality). The text has not caught up with reality Metro Manila in Detail / Geography and Administrative Divisions
RA 7925 Public Telecommunications Policy Act Public Telecommunications Policy Act 1995 NTC / DICT Telecom liberalization under the Ramos administration. Dismantled PLDT's monopoly Telecommunications Infrastructure
RA 7916 Special Economic Zone Act of 1995 Special Economic Zone Act (PEZA Law) 1995-02-21 PEZA (under DTI) The legal basis for PEZA and ECOZONEs. Amended by RA 8748 (1999-06-01) (its Section 1 amended Section 11 of RA 7916 — the PEZA board and director-general; Section 16 — staff compensation; Section 29 — relocation compensation; Section 50 — non-application to RA 7227 zones). 注The "5% tax on gross income earned (5% GIE)" under Sections 23 and 24 of RA 7916 no longer applies to enterprises newly registered after CREATE (RA 11534). Current incentives run through Title XIII of the National Internal Revenue Code (NIRC), via RA 11534 → RA 12066. Existing enterprises get transitional treatment under Section 311 of the NIRC (as amended by Section 29 of RA 12066), through 2034-12-31. In addition, Section 12 of RA 9400 repealed Section 50 of RA 7916 (confirmed in the 2026-08-26 amendment-verification pass; sources: LawPhil ra_9400_2007 Sec. 12 / Supreme Court E-Library text of RA 8748 / LawPhil ra_12066_2024 Sec. 29) Investment Regime, Economic Zones, and Licensing
RA 7942 An Act Instituting a New System of Mineral Resources Exploration, Development, Utilization and Conservation (Philippine Mining Act of 1995) Mining Act 1995-03-03 DENR-MGB The title framework for MPSAs, FTAAs, and Exploration Permits. 注The text itself contains no dollar-denominated minimum-investment figure (the US$50 million figure comes from the FTAA's IRR). IRR: DAO 2010-21, amended by DAO 2021-12. (Confirmed in the 2026-08-26 amendment-verification pass) The text of RA 7942 has not been amended since 1995. 注RA 12253 (2025) does NOT amend RA 7942. What that law amends and adds to is the National Internal Revenue Code (RA 8424) — Section 34(B), Section 287(A), and new Sections 151-A through 151-D and 287-A — and it merely cites RA 7942 as the source of definitions for terms like "mineral agreement," "FTAA," and "metallic mining contractor" (source: LawPhil ra_12253_2025 official title and Sections 4–11). Likewise, the 4% excise tax on minerals comes from Section 151 of the NIRC (raised from 2% to 4% by TRAIN, RA 10963), not from RA 7942 Mining and Nickel / Copper and Other Metal Resources / Rare Earths and Strategic Minerals / Major Gold Mines and Production / Gold: Regulation, Taxation, and the BSP / Gold and Japanese Investment / Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Seabed Resources / Indigenous Peoples and Ethnic Minorities / Non-Metallic Minerals and Aggregates / _A Comprehensive Look at Subsurface Resources