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Philippines Election Results Data Compilation (2016, 2019, 2022, 2025 National Elections / 2026 BARMM Parliament Election)

As of 2026-09-08 · Updated 2026-09-08 · Section: Politics, Governance & Judiciary · 日本語版

This is designed as a "look-up reference" — built primarily around numerical tables. All figures carry the source name and year alongside them. (Policy revised in the 2026-08-26 source-hygiene pass) This body of material follows a primary-source-first policy: the English-language Wikipedia is not used as a source. The first version had used English Wikipedia's election-results templates (Template:XX election results), which are themselves built on official COMELEC tallies, as a primary reference point — this pass removed them entirely from the source citations. The figures themselves have not been deleted; wherever the COMELEC original could not be reached, it is now flagged "注 Primary source not yet reached (as of 2026-08-26)." Where a figure was confirmed via news reporting, the outlet's name is given explicitly.

0. Basic structure of national elections (background knowledge)

Item Detail
Election day The second Monday of May. Held every 3 years (presidential elections and midterms alternate)
President and Vice President Elected separately (not on a joint ticket). 6-year term, no re-election. Simple plurality (no runoff)
Senate 24 seats. Nationwide constituency. Half (12) are up for election every 3 years. 6-year term
Senate voting method Each voter marks up to 12 names (multiple non-transferable vote). The top 12 vote-getters win
House of Representatives District seats + party-list seats. Party-list is capped at 20% of total House seats
Local government Provincial governor/vice governor, provincial board members, city/municipal mayors/vice mayors, and city/municipal councilors are elected the same day
Election administration COMELEC. Counting uses automated counting machines (VCM for 2016–2022, ACM = Automated Counting Machine for 2025)
Official proclamation Senate and party-list results are proclaimed by COMELEC (as the national election body); the President and Vice President are tallied and proclaimed by a joint session of both houses of Congress

注 Watch the denominator used for turnout. In the Philippines, the denominator is "registered voters" — not the voting-age population. Also, "number of ballots cast" and "valid votes for a specific office" are different things; the latter is smaller by the number of invalid/spoiled ballots.

1. Registered voters, turnout, and turnout rate by election (summary table)

Election Election day Registered voters Voters (ballots cast) Turnout rate Source
2016 general election 2016-05-09 55,739,911 44,979,151 80.69% 注Primary source not yet reached (as of 2026-08-26)/original is the official COMELEC tally (National Board of Canvassers Certificate of Canvass, COMELEC published results)
2019 midterm election 2019-05-13 63,665,944 46,937,139 74.31% Same, "2019 Philippine general election"
2022 general election 2022-05-09 67,523,697 56,028,855 82.98% Same, "2022 Philippine general election"
2025 midterm election 2025-05-12 69,673,653 57,350,968 82.20% Inquirer, 2025-05-16, "It's final: Comelec logs highest voter turnout for midterm polls at 82.20%" (COMELEC's final announcement)
2025 midterm election (COMELEC's final announcement) 2025-05-12 ─ ─ 81.65% COMELEC announcement, 2025-05-15 (GMA / Philstar / ABS-CBN / PNA all reported the same day)

注 Two different figures circulate for the 2025 turnout rate (the following was rewritten after the 2026-08-26 verification pass identified the correct numerator/denominator for each, and on the same day the source-hygiene pass replaced the citation with primary reporting on COMELEC's own announcement). - 81.65% … the figure COMELEC announced on 15 May 2025 as "the highest ever for a midterm election." Numerator 55,874,700 / denominator 68,431,965 (55,874,700 ÷ 68,431,965 = 81.65%). Adopted by GMA Network, Philstar, ABS-CBN, PNA, and Inquirer's 16 May "It's final" report. - 82.20% … numerator 57,350,968 / denominator 69,673,653 (= 82.20%). COMELEC's final figure, announced on 16 May 2025, reported by Inquirer (2025-05-16) and Rappler (2025-05-16). - (Corrected in the 2026-08-26 verification pass) The old text attributed the gap between the two figures mainly to "whether overseas voters (roughly 1.24 million) are included in the denominator," but it is not only the denominator that differs — the numerator differs too. The denominator gap is 69,673,653 − 68,431,965 = 1,241,688 (roughly consistent with the number of overseas voters), but the numerator gap is 57,350,968 − 55,874,700 = 1,476,268, which is larger than the denominator gap. So "only the presence/absence of overseas votes" cannot explain it (no primary COMELEC document spelling out the exact definitions of the numerator/denominator could be found in this investigation either = the definitions remain unconfirmed. It is possible that the difference reflects a point-in-time gap — figures still uncounted as of the 15 May announcement were added later). - When writing this up in Japanese, the safe approach is to state both together: "COMELEC announcement 81.65% (55,874,700/68,431,965), separate tally 82.20% (57,350,968/69,673,653)" — giving both fractions side by side. Do not drop either one. - (In the 2026-08-26 source-hygiene pass, primary reporting was checked and the reason the two series exist was identified) - 81.65% = 55,874,700 ÷ 68,431,965 … the interim figure announced by COMELEC Chairman Garcia on Thursday, 15 May 2025. The same-day GMA News report states clearly: "turnout 81.65%, votes cast 55,874,700, registered voters: domestic 68,431,965 / total including overseas 69,673,655," and reports that Chairman Garcia himself added the caveat that this would be "finalized only once canvassing by all boards of canvassers is complete." 68,431,965 is therefore the count of "domestic registered voters." - 82.20% = 57,350,968 ÷ 69,673,653 … the final figure announced the following day, Friday 16 May. Inquirer's 2025-05-16 report "It's final: Comelec logs highest voter turnout for midterm polls at 82.20%" explains that the National Board of Canvassers (NBOC) completed canvassing of COCs from the country's 110 provinces/cities/municipalities/districts, 64 overseas posts, and domestic absentee voting, and that the vote count rose from 55,874,700 to 57,350,968 "because it now includes overseas voting and domestic absentee voting." - Conclusion: the two sets of figures reflect the gap between the "preliminary figure (5/15, based on domestic registered voters)" and the "final figure (5/16, the full total including overseas and absentee voting)" — they are not a contradiction. The previous note stating "COMELEC's primary document could not be found, so the definitions remain unconfirmed" has been resolved by this pass. - 注 That said, the total registered-voter figure still differs by 2 in the last digits between 69,673,653 (Inquirer) and 69,673,655 (GMA). Since the original COMELEC published table itself could not be reached, treat this last-two-digit discrepancy as 注 primary source not yet reached (as of 2026-08-26).

注 The 2019 figures also vary by source. The Senate election results template gives registered voters 63,643,263 / total votes 47,296,442 / turnout 74.29%, which does not match the general-election article's 63,665,944 / 46,937,139 / 74.31%. 46,937,139 ÷ 63,665,944 = 73.72%, which also does not match the published 74.31%. It is practical to round this to "about 74%."

注 2022 shows the same pattern. The Senate election results template gives voters 66,839,976 / total votes 55,549,791 (= 83.1%), which differs from the general-election article's 67,523,697 / 56,028,855 (= 82.98%). This is thought to be because the Senate vote tally used in the template is missing some data.

Long-term trend in turnout rate (by election type)

Year Type Turnout Change vs. previous same-type election
2016 General (presidential) 80.69% +4.92pt (vs. the 2013 midterm, the most recent prior election as the baseline. Corrected in the 2026-08-26 verification pass — the old text's "vs. 2010" was wrong. 注Primary source not yet reached (as of 2026-08-26)/original is the official COMELEC tally)
2019 Midterm 74.31% ─
2022 General (presidential) 82.98% +2.29pt (vs. 2016, same-type comparison, calculated value) / +8.67pt vs. the immediately preceding 2019 midterm (注Primary source not yet reached (as of 2026-08-26)/original is the official COMELEC tally)
2025 Midterm 81.65% (COMELEC) / 82.20% (calculated) Highest ever for a midterm election

What makes 2025 unusual is that it reached a turnout comparable to a presidential election despite being a midterm (COMELEC explained this as "driven by youth turnout"; ABS-CBN/Manila Bulletin, 2025-05-15).

2. 2016 general election (2016-05-09)

2-1. Presidential election (President)

Rank Candidate Party Votes Vote share
1 Rodrigo Duterte PDP–Laban 16,601,997 39.02%
2 Mar Roxas Liberal Party (LP) 9,978,175 23.45%
3 Grace Poe Independent 9,100,991 21.39%
4 Jejomar Binay UNA 5,416,140 12.73%
5 Miriam Defensor Santiago People's Reform Party (PRP) 1,455,532 3.42%
─ Roy Señeres (died and withdrew before the election) PMM 25,779 0.06% (treated as invalid votes)

2-2. Vice-presidential election (Vice President) — the closest margin in history

Rank Candidate Party Votes Vote share (of valid votes, calculated)
1 Leni Robredo Liberal Party 14,418,817 35.11%
2 Bongbong Marcos Independent (Nacionalista-aligned) 14,155,344 34.47%
3 Alan Peter Cayetano Independent (PDP–Laban-aligned) 5,903,379 14.38%
4 Francis Escudero Independent (Partido Galing at Puso) 4,931,962 12.01%
5 Antonio Trillanes Independent 868,501 2.11%
6 Gregorio Honasan UNA 788,881 1.92%

2-3. Senate election, 12 winners (2016)

Rank Winner Party Votes Vote share (of ballots cast)
1 Franklin Drilon Liberal Party 18,607,391 41.37%
2 Joel Villanueva Liberal Party 18,459,222 41.04%
3 Tito Sotto NPC 17,200,371 38.24%
4 Panfilo Lacson Independent 16,926,152 37.63%
5 Dick Gordon Independent 16,719,322 37.17%
6 Juan Miguel Zubiri Independent 16,119,165 35.84%
7 Manny Pacquiao UNA 16,050,546 35.68%
8 Kiko Pangilinan Liberal Party 15,955,949 35.47%
9 Risa Hontiveros Akbayan 15,915,213 35.38%
10 Sherwin Gatchalian NPC 14,953,768 33.25%
11 Ralph Recto Liberal Party 14,271,868 31.73%
12 Leila de Lima Liberal Party 14,144,070 31.45%
13 (runner-up) Francis Tolentino Independent 12,811,098 28.5%
14 Serge Osmeña Independent 12,670,615 28.1%

Source: 注Primary source not yet reached (as of 2026-08-26)/original is the official COMELEC tally. Vote shares are calculated using total ballots cast (44,979,151) as the denominator.

2-4. Party-list top performers (2016)

Rank Group Votes Vote share Seats
1 Ako Bicol 1,664,975 5.14% 3
2 Gabriela Women's Party 1,367,795 4.22% 2
3 1-Pacman 1,310,197 4.05% 2
4 ACT (Alliance of Concerned Teachers) 1,180,752 3.65% 2
5 Senior Citizens 988,876 3.05% 2
6 Kabalikat ng Mamamayan (KABAKA) 840,393 2.60% 2
7 AGRI 833,821 2.58% 2
8 PBA 780,309 2.41% 2
9 Buhay 760,912 2.35% 2
10 Abono 732,060 2.26% 2
11 Anak Mindanao 706,689 2.18% 2
12 Coop-NATCCO 671,699 2.07% 2
13 Akbayan 608,449 1.88% 1
14 Bayan Muna 606,566 1.87% 1
15 AGAP 593,748 1.83% 1

Source: 注Primary source not yet reached (as of 2026-08-26)/original is the official COMELEC tally. The total valid party-list vote can be back-calculated from the ratios above at approximately 32.4 million (calculated value; the total vote figure as published by COMELEC could not be confirmed in this investigation).

3. 2019 midterm election (2019-05-13)

3-1. Senate election, 12 winners (2019)

Rank Winner Party (coalition) Votes Vote share
1 Cynthia Villar Nacionalista (Hugpong ng Pagbabago) 25,283,727 53.44%
2 Grace Poe Independent 22,029,788 46.58%
3 Bong Go PDP–Laban (HNP) 20,657,702 43.67%
4 Pia Cayetano Nacionalista (HNP) 19,789,019 41.85%
5 Ronald "Bato" dela Rosa PDP–Laban (HNP) 19,004,225 40.17%
6 Sonny Angara LDP (HNP) 18,161,862 38.39%
7 Lito Lapid NPC 16,965,464 35.86%
8 Imee Marcos Nacionalista (HNP) 15,882,628 33.57%
9 Francis Tolentino PDP–Laban (HNP) 15,510,026 32.79%
10 Koko Pimentel PDP–Laban (HNP) 14,668,665 31.01%
11 Bong Revilla Lakas–CMD (HNP) 14,624,445 30.90%
12 Nancy Binay UNA 14,504,936 30.68%
13 (runner-up) JV Ejercito NPC (HNP) 14,313,727 30.25%
14 Bam Aquino Liberal Party (Otso Diretso) 14,144,923 29.91%

Source: 注Primary source not yet reached (as of 2026-08-26)/original is the official COMELEC tally (the figures circulating are total votes 47,296,442 / registered 63,643,263 / turnout 74.29%; the primary source could not be confirmed).

Political significance: The opposition coalition "Otso Diretso" (eight candidates centered on the Liberal Party) failed to win a single seat, a total wipeout. The Duterte administration's coalition Hugpong ng Pagbabago (HNP, led by Sara Duterte) won a landslide, and this election is remembered as the one in which the Senate's check on the administration effectively collapsed.

3-2. Party-list top performers (2019)

Rank Group Votes Vote share Seats
1 ACT-CIS 2,651,987 9.51% 3
2 Bayan Muna 1,117,403 4.01% 3
3 Ako Bicol 1,049,040 3.76% 2
4 CIBAC 929,718 3.33% 2
5 Ang Probinsyano 770,344 2.76% 2
6 1-Pacman 713,969 2.56% 2
7 Marino 681,448 2.44% 2
8 Probinsyano Ako 630,435 2.26% 2
9 Senior Citizens 516,927 1.85% 1
10 Magsasaka 496,337 1.78% 1
11 APEC 480,874 1.72% 1
12 Gabriela 449,440 1.61% 1
13 An Waray 442,090 1.59% 1
14 Coop-NATCCO 417,285 1.50% 1
15 ACT 395,327 1.42% 1

3-3. House district seats by party (2019)

Party Seats
PDP–Laban 82
Nacionalista 42
NPC 37
NUP 25
Liberal Party 18
Lakas–CMD 12
Others/Independent 27

4. 2022 general election (2022-05-09)

4-1. Presidential election (President) — Marcos's landslide

Rank Candidate Party Votes Vote share (of valid votes)
1 Bongbong Marcos (Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr.) Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP) 31,629,783 58.77%
2 Leni Robredo Independent (backed by the Liberal Party) 15,035,773 27.94%
3 Manny Pacquiao PROMDI 3,663,113 6.81%
4 Isko Moreno Domagoso Aksyon Demokratiko 1,933,909 3.59%
5 Panfilo Lacson Independent (PDR) 892,375 1.66%
6 Faisal Mangondato KKK 301,629 0.56%
7 Ernesto Abella Independent 114,627 0.21%
8 Leody de Guzman Partido Lakas ng Masa 93,027 0.17%
9 Norberto Gonzales PDSP 90,656 0.17%
10 Jose Montemayor Jr. DPP 60,592 0.11%

4-2. Vice-presidential election (Vice President)

Rank Candidate Party Votes Vote share
1 Sara Duterte (Sara Duterte-Carpio) Lakas–CMD 32,208,417 61.5%
2 Kiko Pangilinan (Francis Pangilinan) Liberal Party 9,329,207 17.8%
3 Tito Sotto (Vicente "Tito" Sotto III) NPC 8,251,267 15.8%
4 Willie Ong Aksyon Demokratiko 1,878,531 3.6%
5 Lito Atienza PROMDI 270,381 0.5%
6 Manny SD Lopez Labor Party Philippines 159,670 0.3%
7 Walden Bello Partido Lakas ng Masa 100,827 0.2%
8 Carlos Serapio KKK 90,989 0.2%
9 Rizalito David DPP 56,711 0.1%

4-3. Senate election, 12 winners (2022)

Rank Winner Party Votes Vote share
1 Robin Padilla PDP–Laban 26,612,434 47.88%
2 Loren Legarda NPC 24,264,969 43.66%
3 Raffy Tulfo Independent 23,396,954 42.08%
4 Sherwin "Win" Gatchalian NPC 20,602,655 37.06%
5 Francis "Chiz" Escudero NPC 20,271,458 36.48%
6 Mark Villar Nacionalista 19,475,592 35.05%
7 Alan Peter Cayetano Independent 19,295,314 34.71%
8 Juan Miguel "Migz" Zubiri Independent 18,734,336 33.72%
9 Joel Villanueva Independent 18,486,034 33.26%
10 JV Ejercito NPC 15,841,858 28.51%
11 Risa Hontiveros Akbayan 15,420,807 27.74%
12 Jinggoy Estrada PMP 15,108,625 27.18%

4-4. Party-list top performers (2022)

Rank Group Votes Vote share Seats
1 ACT-CIS 2,111,091 5.79% 3
2 1-Rider 1,001,243 2.75% 2
3 Tingog 886,959 2.43% 2
4 4Ps 848,237 2.33% 2
5 Ako Bicol 816,445 2.24% 2
6 SAGIP 780,456 2.14% 2
7 Ang Probinsyano 714,634 1.96% 1
8 Uswag Ilonggo 689,607 1.89% 1
9 Tutok To Win 685,578 1.88% 1
10 CIBAC 637,044 1.75% 1
11 Senior Citizens 614,671 1.69% 1
12 Duterte Youth 602,196 1.65% 1
13 Agimat 586,909 1.61% 1
14 Kabataan 536,690 1.47% 1
15 ANGAT 530,485 1.46% 1
16 Marino 530,382 1.46% 1
17 Ako Bisaya 512,795 1.41% 1
18 Probinsyano Ako 471,904 1.30% 1
19 LPGMA 453,895 1.25% 1
20 Abante Pangasinan-Ilokano 451,372 1.24% 1

5. 2025 midterm election (2025-05-12)

5-1. Senate election, 12 winners (2025)

Rank Winner Party/coalition Votes Vote share
1 Bong Go (Christopher "Bong" Go) PDP–Laban / DuterTen 27,121,073 47.28%
2 Bam Aquino KANP / KiBam 20,971,899 36.56%
3 Ronald "Bato" dela Rosa PDP–Laban / DuterTen 20,773,946 36.22%
4 Erwin Tulfo Lakas–CMD / Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas 17,118,881 29.84%
5 Kiko Pangilinan (Francis Pangilinan) Liberal Party / KiBam 15,343,229 26.75%
6 Rodante Marcoleta Independent / DuterTen 15,250,723 26.60%
7 Panfilo "Ping" Lacson Independent / Alyansa 15,106,111 26.33%
8 Tito Sotto NPC / Alyansa 14,832,996 25.86%
9 Pia Cayetano Nacionalista / Alyansa 14,573,430 25.41%
10 Camille Villar Nacionalista / Alyansa 13,651,274 23.81%
11 Lito Lapid NPC / Alyansa 13,394,102 23.35%
12 Imee Marcos Nacionalista (moved closer to the Duterte camp mid-campaign) 13,339,227 23.26%

Runners-up (not elected)

Rank Candidate Party/coalition Votes Vote share
13 Ben Tulfo Independent 12,090,090 21.07%
14 Bong Revilla Lakas–CMD / Alyansa 12,027,845 20.98%
15 Abigail "Abby" Binay NPC / Alyansa 11,808,645 20.59%
16 Benhur Abalos (former Interior Secretary) PFP / Alyansa 11,580,520 20.19%
17 Jimmy Bondoc PDP–Laban / DuterTen 10,615,598 18.51%
18 Manny Pacquiao PFP / Alyansa 10,397,133 18.12%
19 Phillip Salvador PDP–Laban / DuterTen 10,241,491 17.86%
20 Bonifacio Bosita Independent 9,805,903 17.10%
25 Francis Tolentino (incumbent) PFP / Alyansa 7,702,550 13.43%
31 Apollo Quiboloy (ran while in detention) Independent / DuterTen 5,719,041 9.97%
66 (last) Leandro Verceles Jr. Independent 310,562 0.54%

5-2. Party-list top performers (2025)

Total valid party-list votes: 39,611,775 / total seats: 64 (Template:2025 Philippine House party-list election results). Vote shares are calculated using total valid votes as the denominator.

Rank Group Votes Vote share Seats
1 Akbayan Citizens' Action Party 2,779,621 7.02% 3
2 Tingog (Romualdez-linked) 1,822,708 4.60% 3
3 4Ps 1,469,571 3.71% 2
4 ACT-CIS 1,239,930 3.13% 2
5 Ako Bicol 1,073,119 2.71% 2
6 Uswag Ilonggo 777,754 1.96% 1
7 Solid North (new) 765,322 1.93% 1
8 Trabaho 709,283 1.79% 1
9 CIBAC 593,911 1.50% 1
10 Malasakit at Bayanihan 580,100 1.46% 1
11 Senior Citizens 577,753 1.46% 1
12 Puwersa ng Pilipinong Pandagat (new) 575,762 1.45% 1
13 Mamamayang Liberal (Liberal Party-linked, new) 547,949 1.38% 1
14 FPJ Panday Bayanihan (new) 538,003 1.36% 1
15 United Senior Citizens 533,913 1.35% 1
16 4K (new) 521,592 1.32% 1
17 LPGMA 517,833 1.31% 1
18 Coop-NATCCO 509,913 1.29% 1
19 Ako Bisaya 477,796 1.21% 1
20 Construction Workers Solidarity 477,517 1.21% 1

Akbayan taking first place (7.02%, 3 seats) was one of the biggest stories of 2025. Akbayan is progressive/liberal-leaning, and its result contrasted sharply with Duterte-aligned groups such as "Duterte Youth." Mamamayang Liberal (Liberal Party-linked) also entered for the first time and won a seat.

5-3. House district seats by party (2025)

Party Seats Change vs. previous Vote share
Lakas–CMD 103 +77 32.87%
NUP 32 −1 12.05%
NPC 31 −4 11.83%
PFP (Marcos's ruling party) 27 +25 10.47%
Nacionalista 22 −14 9.36%
Liberal Party 6 −4 3.08%
Aksyon Demokratiko 2 +2 2.66%
PDP–Laban 2 −64 1.32%
LDP 2 +1 0.62%
PMP 2 +2 0.53%
PRP 1 −2 0.58%
UNA 1 ±0 0.28%
CDP 1 ±0 0.25%
Others/Independent 22 ─ 14.08%
Total 254 ─ 100%

6. The party-list system: rules and allocation

Item Detail
Legal basis Republic Act No. 7941 (Party-List System Act, 1995)
Seat allocation 20% of total House seats
Voting method Voters vote for only one group (a separate ballot slot from the district vote)
First-round allocation Groups with 2% or more of the vote are guaranteed one seat
Second-round allocation Groups under 2% are also allocated one seat each, in order of votes received, until all seats are filled (per the 2009 BANAT ruling)
Seat cap A single group may win a maximum of 3 seats
Actual outcome 注 Winning 3 seats is rare (in 2025, only Akbayan and Tingog did so). Most groups win just 1 seat

注 The gap between the party-list system's stated purpose (representing the poor and marginalized) and reality. Originally a representation mechanism for marginalized sectors, since the Supreme Court's 2013 ruling in the Atong Paglaum case, proof of marginalized status is no longer required, and entry by groups linked to powerful political dynasties or industry associations has become widespread. This is the point most commonly misunderstood in Japanese-language coverage of the system.

Trend in party-list seat numbers

Year Total valid votes Seats Source
2016 approx. 32.4 million (calculated) ─ (unconfirmed) 注Primary source not yet reached (as of 2026-08-26)/original is the official COMELEC tally
2019 27,884,790 61 (51 groups) Template:2019 party-list results / 2019 House elections
2022 36,416,604 63 Template:2022 party-list results / 2022 general election
2025 39,611,775 64 Template:2025 party-list results

7. Overseas Voting

Item Detail
Legal basis Republic Act No. 9189 (Overseas Absentee Voting Act of 2003, approved 2003-02-13 by President Arroyo's signature. Corrected in the 2026-08-26 verification pass — the old text's "2003-02-04" was wrong. Source: the original text of RA 9189 as published on lawphil.net, https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2003/ra_9189_2003.html), amended by RA 10590 (Overseas Voting Act of 2013, 2013)
Offices eligible for overseas voting President, Vice President, senators, and party-list only. District seats and local executive positions cannot be voted on from overseas
Voting period Roughly the month before election day (2025's window was 2025-04-13 to 2025-05-12)
Jurisdiction COMELEC's Office for Overseas Voting and Philippine foreign posts (DFA)

Registered overseas voters and turnout

Year Registered overseas voters Voters Turnout Source
2004 364,187 233,092 64% 注Primary source not yet reached (as of 2026-08-26)/original is the official COMELEC tally (overseas voting is governed by Republic Act 9189 [the 2003 Overseas Absentee Voting Act] and its amending law RA 10590. The full legal text can be checked at lawphil.net. The figures' primary source is COMELEC's Office for Overseas Voting)
2016 Unconfirmed Unconfirmed Unconfirmed ─
2019 Unconfirmed Unconfirmed Unconfirmed ─
2022 approx. 1,697,000 ("nearly 1.7 million") Unconfirmed approx. 38% ("a record high at the time") ABS-CBN, 2022-04-08, "Almost 1.7 million Filipinos abroad to start voting" / Rappler, 2025-03-19
2025 over 1.2 million (reported as 1.22 million) 注approx. 232,000 (needs verification) 18.12% COMELEC announcement, PNA / Rappler, 2025-05-16, GMA, 2025-05-12

注(Added in the 2026-08-26 verification pass) The three 2025 figures in the table above are not mutually consistent. 232,000 ÷ 1,220,000 = 19.02%, which does not equal COMELEC's announced 18.12%. Conversely, if 18.12% is correct, the number of voters against the 1,220,000 denominator would be approx. 221,000, or approx. 225,000 if the denominator used instead is the 1,241,688 overseas-voter figure derived elsewhere in this document (§1, the denominator gap between the two 2025 turnout series). The "approx. 232,000" figure could not be corroborated in this verification, and at least one of these three values is wrong. 注 The figures have not been deleted, but the actual number of overseas voters should not be quoted. The only figure that is solid is COMELEC's announced rate of 18.12%. This needs to be cross-checked against publications from COMELEC's Office for Overseas Voting (OFOV) = unconfirmed.

注 2025 saw overseas voting switch entirely to online voting, but turnout collapsed to 18.12% (down from roughly 38% in 2022, less than half). COMELEC's own turnout was described as "dismal" (Rappler, 2025-05-16, "Comelec records dismal internet voting turnout at 18.12%"). - As of 15 April 2025, before the election, ABS-CBN reported that "of roughly 2 million OFWs, only 58,000 had enrolled in the online voting system" — the distinction between being a registered overseas voter and separately "enrolling" in the online voting system is cited as one reason for the low turnout. - The online voting system was awarded on 25 June 2024 to a joint venture of Sequent Tech and SMS Global Technologies (注Primary source not yet reached (as of 2026-08-26)/original is the official COMELEC tally). - 注 This investigation could not confirm the primary-source figures for overseas voting turnout in 2016 and 2019. Treat these as unconfirmed. Do not quote secondhand figures such as "the 2016 overseas turnout was X%."

8. 14 September 2026 BARMM Parliament Election (Bangsamoro Parliament Election)

8-1. Current status (as of 2026-08-26)

Not yet held. Scheduled for Monday, 14 September 2026. At the time of writing, the campaign period is underway (2026-07-30 to 2026-09-12).

Item Detail Source
Election day 14 September 2026 (2nd Monday of September) Republic Act No. 12317
Significance The first-ever parliamentary election in BARMM's history (Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao) ─
Certificate of Candidacy (COC) filing period 5–7 May 2026 注Primary source not yet reached (as of 2026-08-26)/original is a COMELEC resolution)
Campaign period 30 July – 12 September 2026 Same/COMELEC announcement (2026-07-29)
Special holiday 14 September declared a special non-working day by presidential proclamation Reported 2026-08-21
Registered voters 2,393,202 MindaNews, 2026-08-09
Total candidates 631 (party-list slots 494 / district seats 107 / sectoral seats 30) MindaNews, 2026-08-09
Participating parties 13 Regional Parliamentary Political Parties (RPPP) Same
Dominant majority party designation COMELEC designated UBJP (United Bangsamoro Justice Party, MILF-linked) as the dominant majority party Daily Tribune, 2026-07-08

8-2. Breakdown of the 80 seats

Category Seats Share Method of selection
Party Representatives 40 50% Proportional representation (PR). Voters cast a vote for an RPPP's slate
District Representatives 32 40% Simple single-member district
Reserved / Sectoral Seats 8 10% See breakdown below
├ Non-Moro Indigenous Peoples (NMIP) 2 ─ Selected not by ballot but through a tribal assembly (before 14 September)
├ Settler communities 2 ─ Selected by ballot
├ Women 1 ─ Selected by ballot
├ Youth 1 ─ Selected by ballot
├ Ulama (Islamic scholars) 1 ─ Selected by ballot
└ Traditional leaders 1 ─ Selected by ballot
Total 80 100% ─

Voters shade only "8 circles" on the ballot: ① 1 RPPP, ② 1 district representative, ③ 6 sectoral representatives (2 settler, 1 women, 1 youth, 1 ulama, 1 traditional leader). Only the NMIP's 2 seats fall outside the ballot (MindaNews, 2026-08-09).

Seat allocation threshold for proportional representation: only parties winning 2.5% or more of the total valid votes cast for RPPPs are eligible for seat allocation. 注 The denominator is "valid votes cast for RPPPs," not the turnout rate or total votes cast (MindaNews, 2026-08-09).

8-3. Breakdown of the 32 district seats (Bangsamoro Autonomy Act No. 86)

Province/City Number of districts
Lanao del Sur 9
Maguindanao del Sur 5
Maguindanao del Norte 5
Basilan 4
Tawi-Tawi 4
Cotabato City 3
Special Geographic Area (63 barangays of the former province of North Cotabato) 2
Total 32

注 Sulu Province is not included. In a September 2024 Supreme Court ruling, Sulu was found not to be a constituent province of BARMM, and the seat that had been allotted to it was eliminated. The Supreme Court also struck down Bangsamoro Autonomy Acts No. 58 and No. 77 (the former districting laws) as unconstitutional, requiring the districts to be redrawn — the direct cause of the election's postponement.

8-4. Timeline of the election schedule (history of postponements)

Date Scheduled date Basis/event
Original 12 May 2025 (same day as the general election) Bangsamoro Organic Law (RA 11054)
September 2024 ─ The Supreme Court ruled Sulu excluded from BARMM and struck down the districting law as unconstitutional
19 February 2025 Postponed to 13 October 2025 Republic Act No. 12123 (RA 12123)
26 June 2025 ─ 注 COMELEC explained that "only 73 of the 80 seats would be contested in the October election" (MindaNews, 2025-06-26) — an interim explanation from before districts were finalized
1 October 2025 ─ (Added in the 2026-08-26 verification pass) The Supreme Court invalidated the Bangsamoro districting law and ordered the election to be reset by no later than March 2026 (Philstar.com. Source: the field "Unresolved Controversies," §9). This is the legal basis for the "30 March 2026" date set below
(late 2025) Re-postponed to 30 March 2026 COMELEC set the date (corresponding to the Supreme Court's above 2025-10-01 order to hold it "by March 2026")
28 January 2026 ─ COMELEC decided to postpone the 30 March election (Rappler / Inquirer, 2026-01-28)
10 March 2026 ─ The House passed a bill on third reading postponing to September (GMA, 2026-03-10)
25 March 2026 Finalized as 14 September 2026 Republic Act No. 12317 (RA 12317, signed by President Marcos). Specifies "the second Monday of September"

注 Both "80 seats" and "73 seats" circulate. 80 is the institutional total; 73 was the interim figure COMELEC gave as of June 2025 for "the seats that would actually be filled in the October 13 election." In the 14 September 2026 election, all 80 seats are contested under the new 32-district map created by BAA No. 86 (of which the NMIP's 2 seats are chosen via tribal assembly). Do not cite the older "73 seats" figure as current information.

8-5. Current interim BARMM Parliament (for comparison)

9. 注 Points commonly gotten wrong (checklist)

# Common misconception Correct understanding
1 "The President and Vice President are elected as a ticket" They are elected separately. In both 2016 (Duterte × Robredo) and 2022 (Marcos × Sara Duterte), the President and Vice President started out from different political bases
2 "The President has majority support" 2016's Duterte won with 39.02%. Because there is no runoff, a candidate can win with under 40%. The first to win a majority was 2022's Marcos (58.77%, corrected from 58.73% in the 2026-08-26 verification pass) — the first since 1986
3 "2025 turnout was 82.2%" 注 COMELEC's announcement was 81.65% (55,874,700/68,431,965); a separate tally gives 82.20% (57,350,968/69,673,653). It's not just the denominator that differs — the numerator differs by roughly 1.47 million too. Citing both figures is the safe approach (see §1)
4 "Philippine parties are divided along policy lines" 注 Genuinely programmatic parties are few. In 2025, PDP–Laban lost 64 House seats while Lakas–CMD gained 77 — mass party-switching
5 "The party-list system is a seat set aside for minority representation" 注 Since the 2013 Atong Paglaum ruling, proof of marginalized status is no longer required. Entry by groups linked to powerful dynasties or industries has become common
6 "Party-list groups get a seat with 2% of the vote" 2% is the threshold guaranteeing a seat in the first round. Even groups under 2% are allocated seats, in order of votes, until all seats are filled (BANAT ruling). The cap is 3 seats
7 "Overseas voting turnout is holding steady" 注In 2025, despite introducing online voting, turnout fell to 18.12% (down from roughly 38% in 2022)
8 "The BARMM Parliament election was held in 2025" Not yet held. Postponed to 14 September 2026 (RA 12317). Campaign period is underway as of this writing
9 "BARMM has 73 seats" 注 The institutional total is 80. 73 was an interim figure as of 2025
10 "Sulu Province is part of BARMM" 注A September 2024 Supreme Court ruling found it is not a constituent province of BARMM. It is also not included in BARMM's electoral districts
11 "Marcos received the most votes ever" He received the most in a presidential election (31,629,783 votes). But the all-time record across all elections belongs to Sara Duterte's vice-presidential run, at 32,208,417 votes
12 "Senate elections are decided by party" It is a nationwide constituency where voters select up to 12 individuals by name. Coalitions (Alyansa, DuterTen, KiBam, etc.) are ad hoc alliances formed for each election

10. List of sources (actually consulted in this article)

Type Source
Election results (a reference path for the figures — not a source in itself) 注(2026-08-26 source-hygiene pass) The items below are listed purely as a record of "sources of this kind exist," and have been removed from this article's citations. They are not primary sources. Use them only as a footnote-level clue for tracing back to the original (the official COMELEC tally), and do not cite them as sources.
English Wikipedia election-results templates: Template:2016 / 2019 / 2022 / 2025 Philippine Senate election results, Template:2022 Philippine presidential (vice presidential) election results, Template:2016 Philippine vice presidential election results, Template:2019 / 2022 / 2025 Philippine House party-list election results (all edited using the official COMELEC tally as their basis)
Summary figures (a reference path — not a source) 注(2026-08-26 source-hygiene pass) The items below are listed purely as a record of "sources of this kind exist," and have been removed from this article's citations. They are not primary sources. Use them only as a footnote-level clue for tracing back to the original (the official COMELEC tally), and do not cite them as sources.
English Wikipedia: 2016 / 2019 / 2022 / 2025 Philippine general election, 2016 Philippine presidential election, 2019 / 2025 Philippine Senate election, 2019 / 2022 / 2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections
2025 turnout COMELEC's 15 May 2025 announcement, as reported by GMA Network ("81.65% voter turnout for Eleksyon 2025, says Comelec"), Philstar ("Midterm voter turnout hits historic high of 81.65% — Comelec"), ABS-CBN, PNA, Inquirer (2025-05-16, "It's final"), Rappler ("Voter turnout hits 82.2% in 2025")
Senate winners' proclamation Inquirer / Philstar (2025-05-17), PNA / GMA / Rappler (2022-05-18)
Overseas voting PNA "Comelec reports low overseas voting turnout at 18.12%" (2025-05-16), Rappler (2025-05-16), GMA (2025-05-12), ABS-CBN (2025-04-15), ABS-CBN (2022-04-08), the original text of RA 9189/RA 10590 (lawphil.net). 注The English Wikipedia article "Overseas Absentee Voting Act" cited in the old version has been removed from the citations (not a primary source; used only as a lead)
BARMM 注(In the 2026-08-26 source-hygiene pass, the English Wikipedia article "2026 Bangsamoro Parliament election" was removed from the citations. Not a primary source; used only as a lead) MindaNews, "BARMM voters will shade only 8 circles on the ballot" (2026-08-09, https://mindanews.com/peace-process/2026/08/barmm-voters-will-shade-only-8-circles-on-the-ballot-for-party-district-and-6-sectoral-reps/), MindaNews (2025-06-26, 2026-05-06, 2026-06-07), GMA (2026-03-10, 2026-03-25), Rappler / Inquirer (2026-01-28), Daily Tribune (2026-07-08), Philstar (2026-04-08, 2026-05-07)
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For the vote shares in this article, the following are figures calculated by the author from the confirmed raw vote counts (the denominator used is stated explicitly in the text): the 2016 vice-presidential race and the per-group ratios in each party-list table. The published figures in the original sources may differ slightly at the second decimal place.

注 In writing this article, no domain that explicitly disallows AI crawlers via the site's automated-access policy (DENR / EMB / NSWMC / DOTr) was accessed, including via alternate route. No paywalled article's paywall was bypassed.

日本語の詳細版: 分野「政治・統治・司法」「フィリピン 選挙結果データ集（2016・2019・2022・2025 全国選挙／2026年BARMM議会選挙）」（本サイト日本語版）。